Alleviating the urban heat-island effect (UHI) is one of the important means to meet energy conservation and pollution reduction targets by demand side. Rational architectural layout and landscape design are significant measures to achieve building energy efficiency and sustainable building. In...

Market demand is becoming increasingly time-sensitive in competitive environments. Hence, supply disruptions will have a more serious impact on the profits of supply chains. This study applies a Stackelberg competition between a single supplier and a single manufacturer in a time-sensitive...

The paper tests a standard real options model of investment using a data set of listed Dutch manufacturing firms over the period of 1984-1997. The threshold value that triggers investment is based on the historical distribution of the profit process and the risk-adjusted discount rate of the...

We examine the investment-uncertainty relationship for a panel of Dutch manufacturing firms. The system generalised method of moments (GMM) estimates suggests that the effect of uncertainty on investment is non-linear: for low levels of uncertainty an increase in uncertainty has a positive...