The transition to a low-carbon energy future requires large amounts of many raw materials. Some of these materials are deemed critical in terms of their limited availability, concentrated supply chain networks, associated environmental impact, and various social issues. Acknowledging the...

The challenges associated with today’s green transition echo dynamics during past energy revolutions. Improvements in energy efficiency and sobriety can be part of a decarbonization strategy but with muted impact. An effective and credible climate policy must be chiefly targeted at...

The environmental challenges that have arisen as a result of rapid economic growth have become a hindrance to social progress. This article examines the effects of energy consumption, urbanization, industrialization, economic development, and technological innovations on South Korea's greenhouse...