pre-industrial Italy. In particular, we draw the attention on the association between literacy and social mobility. We …This paper aims at exploring the dynamics of intergenerational mobility of occupations in 19th-century Italy, by … explain the limited role of literacy in increasing social mobility rates by pointing out that, at the time, limited …

We develop a model of intergenerational educational mobility incorporating gender bias against girls in the family … uneducated fathers face lower relative and absolute mobility (rural and urban). We find gender equality in absolute mobility for …

We incorporate gender bias against girls in the family, the school and the labor market in amodel of intergenerational … concave or convex, and gender biasaffects both relative and absolute mobility. We test these predictions in India and China … the gender gap closes when the fathers are collegeeducated. In China, the CEF is convex for sons in urban areas, but …

degree of mobility across genders, with a higher mobility level for daughters than for sons. The reason for this gender gap … education of their most educated parent, regardless of their gender and this correlation is higher for female than for male …

or Italy. Second, geographical variation in mobility rates is high in Spain but smaller than in other compared countries …. Third, daughters have systematically worse outcomes in both relative and absolute mobility measures than sons, with a gender …

's education is strongest at the post-primary levels. Our results suggest that there is strong gender bias in intergenerational …

women. The bulk of the population came out of illiteracy, possibly due to large-scale education reforms, but the relative …

's gender and across provinces and generations. …