We fit CES and VES production functions to data from a numerical bottom-up optimization model of electricity supply with clean and dirty inputs. This approach allows for studying high shares of clean energy not observable today and for isolating mechanisms that impact the elasticity of...

The elasticity of substitution between wind and solar inputs and dirty inputs in electricity is estimated to be 3 or more by fitting an aggregate production function to OECD panel data. Such a high elasticity is consistent with detailed electricity models which also predict that the...

The elasticity of substitution between wind and solar inputs and dirty inputs in electricity is estimated to be 3 or more by fitting an aggregate production function to OECD panel data. Such a high elasticity is consistent with detailed electricity models which also predict that the...

The degree of substitutability between clean and dirty energy plays a centralrole in leading economic analyses of optimal environmental policy. Despitethe importance, assuming a constant and exogenous elasticity of substitutionhas been a dominant theoretical approach. We challenge this...

Substitution between clean and dirty inputs and directed technical change, either clean energy-augmenting or dirty energy-augmenting, lie at the center of leading economic analyses of climate policy. Despite their theoretical interconnectedness, joint empirical assessments of these two factors...