This paper introduces an oil price-distance interaction variable in a gravity equation to explain how trade behaves due to oil price changes. The findings are that as oil prices increase, international trade becomes more localized, in that countries begin trading relatively more with their...

This article explores the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs also know as quarantine restrictions) on the reduction of the growth rate in new COVID-19 cases in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. It turns out that empirically NPIs gradually reduce the growth rate of new cases. This is...

This research introduces a new test for optimum currency area that is based on synchronization of monetary policy recommendations. The main advantage over the more traditional synchronization of business cycles is that it takes into account two known determinants of monetary policy: inflation...

This paper studies the exchange rate effect on the trade balance for the major oil exporters Kazakhstan and Russia. Results from baseline tests of the Marshall Lerner condition indicate that an exchange rate depreciation actually decreases exports and deteriorates the trade balance, the opposite...

The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative was originally conceived by Tony Blair in 2002 to improve the transparency and accountability of extractive industries in resource-rich economies. It is theorized that the added transparency will create an environment welcoming to foreign direct...

This research delves into the impact of World Trade Organization (WTO) membership on trade dynamics in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region, focusing on the potential augmentation or diversion of trade resulting from CIS countries' WTO accession. The study context is grounded in...