This chapter investigates the impact of FDI on the GDP, in three groups of European countries; the European Union countries (EU-28), the Euro Area countries (EA-19), and the Eastern European Countries (EEC). An empirical model for this correlation was used to calculate the level of this...

The world has seen several waves of economic crises, which have had a severe impact on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), such as the Great Depression of the 1930s, the financial crisis in the late 2000s and, most recently, the global COVID-19, because they strip SMEs from their much...

Using both standard regressions and Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo estimation methods from a Bayesian perspective and a sample of 39 countries for 1981-2006, we re-examine the role of central-bank independence (CBI) in macroeconomic outcomes. Control variables commonly used in the literature are...

Despite the growing literature, central bank independence (CBI) is still one of the most controversial and frequently discussed issues in macroeconomics. This paper re-examines the role of central bank independence in macroeconomic outcomes, seeking to add to the existing empirical literature in...

This paper examines the influence that several factors may have on the relationship between legal Central Bank Independence (CBI), on the one hand, and the inflation and real GDP growth on the other. Using multivariate regression analysis for 39 OECD during the two periods, 1991-1998 and...

This paper explores the relation between trade flows and cross-country symmetry of supply and demand shocks using data from the EU-27 countries. Increased bilateral trade intensity is found to have a positive impact on the correlation of both demand and supply shocks. Intra-industry trade is...