In the United States, foreign nationals who fear persecution in their home country can apply for asylum under the Refugee Act of 1980. Over the past decade, legal scholarship has uncovered significant disparities in asylum adjudication by judge, by region of the United States in which the...

1. Introduction -- 2. European Integration's First Three Decades. The Challenge of Immigration. Early Steps: Freedom of Movement for Whom? -- 3. 1985-1991: High Hopes and Community Leadership. 1985: Putting Immigration on the Agenda. Guidelines on Migration. The Single European Act. Article 8a...