, it is often regulated. In this paper, we first present results from a survey on the regulation of joint bidding in … European public procurement, documenting how the existence and the type of regulation differ across countries, and that …-where present-regulation is often related to the ability of an individual firm to be admitted as a solo bidder. Borrowing from the …

This study empirically investigates the impact of public procurement regulation quality on the competition for tenders … levels of competition and cost-effectiveness. Improved regulation quality significantly increases the number of bidders and …