of the Survey on National Education Responses to COVID-19 School Closures, administered by the UNESCO Institute for …

A School System under Stress -- Shaping of the System: The Modern Bureaucratic Education Statein Formation, 1920 …-93 -- Testing Time: The Triumph of Testing, Accountability, and Systems,1993-2015 -- Consolidate and Control: School Consolidation …: Soft Skills and Hard Realities -- The Big Disconnect: High School Graduates and the Preparedness Problem -- The School …

School autonomy is popular but also complex and sometimes contentious. Many education systems have increased schools …, increased autonomy has led to greater pressure on schools and local stakeholders. To be successful, school autonomy needs to be … built on a set of key ingredients: a strong national framework and a clear strategic vision, well-adapted school head and …