Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine alternative sources of retirement income apart from the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) pension benefits and the significance of these retirement income sources in the consumption decisions of pensioners in Ghana....

Using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis on data for 33 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2007 to 2018, we determine the drivers of the inefficiencies in financial stability and also estimate the existing financial stability gaps. The results confirm that credit to the private sector...