environment, innovation is imperative. However, innovation is no longer just for creating value to benefit individuals …, organizations, or societies. The ultimate purpose of innovation should be much more far reaching, helping create a smart future … where people can enjoy the best quality of life possible. Thus, innovation must search for intelligent solutions to tackle …

in complex systems. The proposed classification, in a broad analogy with the ecology, includes four categories of … technology considering the typology of their interaction: 1) technological parasitism is a relationship between two technologies … classification can predict evolutionary pathways of technologies. This study here begins the process of clarifying typologies of …

institutional changes. Various approaches have given rise to the need for a typology. Sundbo (1998) divided innovation into three … innovation, and “helix” models. Thus, this study developed a novel typology of innovation that expands the theoretical knowledge …Innovation is often an object of study in economics and management. However, the social and behavioral aspects of …