Circular pieces are often cut from stainless steel roll to make common commodities such as pots and cups. The related factories are often make-to-order ones. The stock rolls usually have the same width. Each working order requires pieces of the same size. Pieces of different sizes cannot appear...

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Automatic Voltage Control (AVC) are key approaches to frequency and voltage regulation in power systems. However, based on the assumption of decoupling of active and reactive power control, the existing AGC and AVC systems work independently without any...

We consider a consignment contract with consumer non-defective returns behavior. In our model, an upstream vendor contracts with a downstream retailer. The vendor decides his consignment price charged to the retailer for each unit sold and his refund price for each returned item, and then the...

Assessment of agricultural vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective adaptation options and strategies for the future. While assessment approaches vary across sectors and countries, there is a need to devise an effective method to assess agricultural...

Due to the mismanagement of water and fertilizer application, cotton cultivation in Xinjiang Northwest China is faced with the problems of soil deterioration and groundwater table ascension. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of water applied through drip...

A 4-year trial was set up to test the feasibility of growing waxy corn (Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh) in a highly saline wasteland with drip irrigation in the Ningxia plain, northwest China. The original soil salinity expressed as electrical conductivity of the saturation paste extract (ECe)...

In order to evaluate the effects of different amounts of water, applied by drip irrigation, to a saline–sodic soil (surface ECe40dS/m; SAR40), on cotton growth and soil salinity, a three-year experiment was conducted on a saline wasteland in Xinjiang Northwest China during 2008–2010. Five...

A field experiment with five soil matric potential (SMP) treatments (−5, −10, −15, −20 and −25kPa) was used to study the effects of drip irrigation on soil salinity, soil hydraulic properties and vegetation growth in coastal saline soils of north China. Irrigation water came from local...

A 3-year experiment was conducted in an extremely dry and saline wasteland to investigate the effects of the drip irrigation on salt distributions and the growth of cotton under different irrigation regimes in Xinjiang, Northwest China. The experiment included five treatments in which the soil...