highlights critical issues for the political economy of innovation and presents a review of empirical studies that show that data … adoption has no benefits because there are no positive effects on internal technological innovation, nor reduction of the …

extreme urgency" within the meaning of Article 31(b) of the TRIPS Agreement. Some legislations, such as European competition …

Under Articles 31 and 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, WTO members may validly sanction the use of a patented invention … without the patent owner's authorization by issuing a compulsory license (CL). In the pharmaceuticals space, governments have … before patent expiry, increasing the supply and reducing the price of patented pharmaceuticals domestically. This paper …

Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and Public Health adopted by the World Trade Organization, we realize that its impact is beyond … issues of public health stricto sensu. The Doha Declaration has inspired discussions at the Council for TRIPS regarding … of the discussion in the TRIPS Council is the need to rebalance public interests (such as public health and environmental …

health. However, there was uncertainty with respect to the interpretation of TRIPS agreement, scope of the flexibilities and …The major bone of contention between the developed and developing countries in the TRIPS negotiations was patents for … pharmaceuticals. The US-led developed countries bloc argued in favour of patents for pharmaceuticals amidst opposition from Brazil …

-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), however, included a number of public health flexibilities in order … the lead role in enacting the TRIPS Agreement's substantive and procedural patent flexibilities by introducing unique … compulsory licensing, the most notable exception to patent rights provided under the TRIPS Agreement. This empirical study is …

paradigm of competitive market efficiency with notorious market failures. We examine the impact of the pandemic on innovation …