Researchers studying innovation increasingly use indicators based on patent citations. However, it is well known that not all citations originate from applicants--patent examiners contribute to citations listed in issued patents--and that this could complicate interpretation of findings in this...

A simple economic activity location rule is considered. Under this rule, one regards that location decisions depend on the presence or the absence of agglomeration economies. Considering a three-location economy, the system that is built leads, under certain conditions, to a saddle-path...