Empirical evidence indicates that high oil price volatility has a dampening effect on output in countries that import … of commodity price volatility in commodity exporting countries accounting for both oil and non-oil commodities. To that … significant negative impact of price volatility on real output for oil exporters. Our results for exporters of other commodities …

commodity price uncertainties are proven to be leading indicators of uncertainty rather than volatility in commodity markets. In …

trade, providing a natural hedge against world price fluctuations. We find the consumption terms of trade at local prices is … more volatile than at world prices, but the two are strongly positively correlated. The same commodities dominate the …