purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries' trade with China and Russia increases under US trade … panel difference-in-differences estimations and an event study design. Motivated by the claim that China and Russia … sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned …

purposefully undermine US sanction efforts, we test whether target countries’ trade with China and Russia increases under US trade … panel difference-in-differences estimations and an event study design. Motivated by the claim that China and Russia … sanctions. We find no evidence for systematic sanction busting. Russia does not change its trade patterns with sanctioned …

This study addresses whether North Korea-China trade dilutes the effectiveness of the unilateral sanctions imposed by … Korea's economic sanctions significantly boost North Korea's exports to China, and the export increase has been substantial …) and those passing through China (by bonded trade). These findings show that North Korea has mitigated the economic damage …