‘Open Banking’ is a digital finance innovation built upon customer data sharing between incumbent financial institutions and third party financial service providers. Open Banking is reshaping the banking sector through extending the reach and convenience of traditional banking services by...

Europe’s path to ‘open banking’, ‘open data’ and ‘open finance’ rests upon four apparently unrelated pillars: (1) the facilitation of open banking to enhance competition in banking and particularly payments; (2) strict data protection rules reflecting European cultural concerns...

Commons are holistic social institutions to govern the (re)production of resources, articulated through interrelated legal, socio-cultural, economic and institutional dimensions. They represent a comprehensive and radical approach to organise collective action, placing it "beyond market and...