This paper explores how non-college occupations contributed to the gender gap in college enrollment, where women overtook men in college-going. Using instrumental variation from routinization, we show that the decline of routine-intensive occupations displaced the non-college occupations of...

This paper explores how non-college occupations contributed to the gender gap in college enrollment, where women overtook men in college-going. Using instrumental variation from routinization, we show that the decline of routine-intensive occupations displaced the non-college occupations of...

Women used to lag behind but now exceed men in college enrollment. We show that changes in non-college job prospects contributed to these trends. We first doc- ument that routine-biased technical change disproportionately displaced non-college occupations held by women. We then show that these...

We conducted a field experiment with a charitable group to investigate whether giving the donor an option to write a personal message to the recipient influences giving behavior. Over 1,500 households were approached in a door-to-door campaign and randomized to either a control or a treatment in...

I exploit the geographic distribution of oil and gas resources to estimate how oil and gas jobs affect college enrollment and later life work outcomes. In the short term, a one standard deviation (equivalent to around 25 percentage points) rise in oil and gas labour share leads to a 1.7-2.8...

Women used to lag behind but now exceed men in college enrollment. This paper shows that examining occupations which require only a high school degree ("non-college" occupations) can help resolve two puzzles related to this phenomenon. First, why do women attend college at greater rates than men...