This Article examines the evolution of EPA's audit policy, explores the reasons for states' dissatisfaction with it, and then discusses whether the federal policy should have been issued as a rule under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA). Part I examines the evolution of the federal audit...

In the article is analyzed the regulation of sector-specific industries from institutional aspects of regulation and competition policy. There is researched answer to the question what type of institutional arrangement is suitable for regulating network industries in the Baltic countries. Under...

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Studie ist die optimale Regulierung des Betriebs von Netzwerken, die die Charakteristika eines natürlichen Monopols aufweisen. Während bei der Nutzung solcher Netzwerke Wettbewerb zwischen verschiedenen Anbietern netzbasierter Dienstleistungen errichtet werden kann,...

The ladder of investment is a regulatory approach that has been used by European National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs), in order to foster infrastructure competition among operators. the idea is to force incumbent operators to open several levels of access to their network in such a way that...

For many years electronic communications has been one of the most important areas of policy intervention for the European Union. Liberalisation and privatisation of the telecommunications industry have been very important topics of the policy debate in the two decades starting from 1990 to 2010....

Network operators of competing infrastructures in European electronic communications markets face asymmetric regulation: incumbent telecommunications firms are required to open their networks for retail broadband competition, while cable companies have no such obligation. Furthermore, for...

This paper analyses how different types of access regulation to next generation networks affect investments and consumer welfare. The model consists of an investment stage with uncertain returns and subsequent quantity competition. The access price is a function of investment costs and the...

Drei Viertel der TV-Frequenzen, die bisher dem analogen Fernsehen dienen, sind durch die Einführung der digitalen Fernseh- und Rundfunkübertragung ab 2009 neu zu vergeben. Besonders die mobile Breitbandkommunikation wird davon profitieren. Die Nachfrage nach Lizenzen ist groß, sodass nicht...

This paper provides an economic analysis of recent vertical and horizontal mergers in the U.S. industry for audiovisual media content, including the AT&T-Time Warner and the Disney-Fox mergers. Using a theory-driven approach, we examine economic effects of these types of mergers on market...

We use panel data on 36,104 municipalities in metropolitan France over the period 2010-2014 to estimate two models of entry into local markets by: (i) alternative operators using wholesale access to the legacy copper network via local loop unbundling (LLU), and (ii) the incumbent and two...