Since 2003, the prosecution of hardcore cartels has been a top priority in Brazil. The Leniency Program in Brazil has been one of the most important investigative tools for detecting collusive conduct among competitors. The Leniency Program has exhibited some breakthroughs achieved in terms of...

Brazilian capital markets have experienced a significant increase in the engagement of institutional investors (including investment funds), despite the fact intertwined companies or those with family control are still dominant in the country. In this sense, one must question whether...

The prominence of the application of antitrust fines may have come to a crossroad. Fines seem not to have achieved their ultimate goals, either to punish current and previous practices or to deter future antitrust violations. Are there unexplored boundaries for a more effective antitrust...

To assess whether one or more cartel violations have taken place in real life investigations is not an easy task. Are there any parameters to determine whether collusive behaviors are multiple or single infringements, when those organized corporate crimes seem intertwined like a puzzle? Based on...

On May 17, 2023, the European Parliament published the regulation5 which aims to curb deforestation and forest degradation related to the production and supply chains of certain commodities and associated products such as cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, soya, wood and rubber, as well as derived...

By the end of 2022, much was said about the proactive approach of the United States Department of Justice (DoJ) involving interlocking directorates. That resulted in the unprecedented resignation of seven directors of five US companies from different sectors. Conceptually speaking (I), under...

Competition authorities may consider such public announcements illegal. Leaders and officers of companies, unions and trade associations’ should make specific critical analyses to assess the times and contents of the statements they issue to avoid anticompetitive practices. This paper proposes...

This paper provides an insight into each one of the aforesaid roles, outlines the differences between Compliance Officers, Corporate Monitors and Trustees under antitrust and anti-corruption laws and provides recent examples for ease of understanding under the Brazilian experience

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in the game industry will increase by around 25% in 2023. Consolidation transactions between competing or vertically related companies, mainly when affecting consumers with inferior bargaining power, may raise concerns by the antitrust authorities. These...

Subsidies take many forms, including direct government expenditures, tax incentives, equity injections, soft loans, government provision of goods and services and procurement on favorable terms, and price supports. This is the dual facet of subsidies: while they are important tools for achieving...