It has long been debated about whether the economic sanctions imposed by the United Nations Security Council against North Korea have created effective constraints on the country’s aggressive economic and military development. In response to this controversy, this paper establishes a...

A significant part of economic coercion deployed by the US, EU and the UN targets authoritarian regimes' ruling elites, and aims to promote liberalization by encouraging defections and discouraging repression. We develop a model to study the effects of such measures. The ruler chooses how much...

This paper is an analysis of how significant sanctions related risks emanate from conduit countries. We define conduits as jurisdictions with close geographic, trade or political links to a sanctioned country such as Iran, or sanctioned entities and activities, such as the transnational...

Under what conditions do high levels of export concentration in a single market generate vulnerability to coercive economic power? This paper investigates that question by examining the experiences of Australian export industries that lost access to the Chinese market during a sanctions episode...