contains 1,547 sanction cases, including the new ones against Russia. The GSDB-R4 comes in two versions, a case-specific and a … combine it with trade data until 2023, and we investigate the effects of the recent sanctions on Russia's trade within an … econometric gravity model. We find that, on average, the effects on trade between Russia and the sanctioning countries are …

newspaper coverage to account for different perceptions. Using Russia as a case study, we demonstrate that geopolitical risk …

Russian economy, with a focus on the fiscal situation, external balances, and the effects of Western sanctions on Russia … sovereign National Welfare Fund. EU exports to Russia of sanctioned economically critical (EC) goods and common high … countries, notably China, Hong Kong, Türkiye and the CIS countries, have increased their market shares and become Russia’s most …

is trying to avoid this. The results are interpreted through the lens of the current economic warfare between Russia and …

methodology they uncover positive bias (that is: methodological changes that make it more likely to find sanction success as … definition of sanction contribution increase the success ratio in general and ultimately the share of sanctions that are judged … changes'. Their probit analysis shows that the 3rd edition's methodology underestimates the contribution of certain sanction …