policy interventions that occurred after the Kobe earthquake that hit Japan in 1995 as a natural experiment inducing …This paper aims to identify the causal effect of schooling on youth crime. To identify the causal effect, I use the … earthquake damage but with and without the policy interventions, I find that a higher high school participation rate reduces …

policy interventions that occurred after the Kobe earthquake that hit Japan in 1995 as a natural experiment inducing …This paper aims to identify the causal effect of schooling on youth crime. To identify the causal effect, I use the … earthquake damage but with and without the policy interventions, I find that a higher high school participation rate reduces …

related to the activity of organized crime, as homicide, extortion, drug-trafficking or usury. Petty crimes are estimated to …, the signaling role of the policy, and other forms of social control) rather than induced by organized crime itself. …

demonstrate that the historical informal institution of organized crime can undermine current institutions, even in religiously … punishment norms failing to resolve these deficits. Our study suggests that a culture of organized crime can affect adolescent … norms and attitudes that might support a vicious cycle of in-group favoritism and crime that in turn hinders economic …