This study was prepared by Andreas Kuhlmann, while he was working with the Ifo Institute for Economic Research. It was completed in September 2006 and was accepted as a Ph.D. thesis by the Economics Department of the University of Munich. The subject of this study is the analysis of network...

This study was prepared by Andreas Kuhlmann, while he was working with the Ifo Institute for Economic Research. It was completed in September 2006 and was accepted as a Ph.D. thesis by the Economics Department of the University of Munich. The subject of this study is the analysis of network...

This study was prepared by Andreas Kuhlmann, while he was working with the Ifo Institute for Economic Research. It was completed in September 2006 and was accepted as a Ph.D. thesis by the Economics Department of the University of Munich. The subject of this study is the analysis of network...

This study was prepared by Andreas Kuhlmann, while he was working with the Ifo Institute for Economic Research. It was completed in September 2006 and was accepted as a Ph.D. thesis by the Economics Department of the University of Munich. The subject of this study is the analysis of network...

This paper explores the effect of taxation on the capital structure of banks. For identification, we exploit exogenous regional variations in the rate of the Italian tax on productive activities (IRAP) using administrative, confidential data on regional banks provided by the Bank of Italy...

This paper assesses the public guarantee scheme for small businesses approved in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic. In April 2020 the Italian government introduced a free 100% government guarantee on loans below €25.000 that requires no credit approval by banks. Using loan-level data from the...

This paper takes an early look at the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), a large and novel small business support program that was part of the initial policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We use new data on the distribution of the first round of PPP loans and high-frequency micro-level...

Credit guarantees are popular policy responses during crises. Despite their prevalence, evidence of their effectiveness is sparse. We estimate the impacts of UK guarantees implemented during the Great Recession, by exploiting unexpected firm-size eligibility restrictions. We use a...

This paper uses administrative data from a private payroll processor whose clients are primarily very small businesses (median 5 employees) to measure both which firms apply for financial relief through the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) and the effects of this financial relief. Conditional...

This study investigates the pervasiveness of fraud and abuse in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP or the Program) using large PPP loans made to 1,090 investment advisory firms registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). We find that an existing, well-established model...