We show that if the discounted Stock price process is a continuous martingale, then there is a simple relationship linking the variance of the terminal Stock price and the variance of its arithmetic average. We use this to establish a model-independent upper bound for the price of a continuously...

In this paper we prove an approximate formula expressed in terms of elementary functions for the implied volatility in the Heston model. The formula consists of the constant and first order terms in the large maturity expansion of the implied volatility function. The proof is based on...

In this note we provide an alternative proof that the Heston asset price process converges to the Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution in the large-time limit in a certain sense. Our proof, which is based on the convergence of conditional time-integrated variance to the Inverse Gaussian...

We consider implied volatility, time-dependent volatility, local volatility and stochastic volatility. We derive relationships between the different concepts. The relationships are of an exact analytical type if this is possible, else we use expansions to obtain approximate expressions. We close...

A model/hedging performance is relatively poorly covered in the literature. This is particularly valid for general portfolios including both vanilla and exotic instruments. Practitioners generally use so called \pnl explain which measures whether portfolio price movements can be explained by...

We estimate the default probabilities implicit in the transaction prices of a new type of call provision, the make whole call. The new issuance of make whole callable bonds has supplanted that of traditional callable bonds and noncallable bonds. Make whole callable bonds have strike prices that...

We solve a dynamic equilibrium model with generalized disappointment aversion preferences and continuous state endowment dynamics. We apply the framework to the term structure of interest rates and show that the model generates an upward sloping term structure of nominal interest rates, a...

We investigate PDEs of the form u_t = 1/2 σ^2 (t, x)u_{xx} − g(x)u which are associated with the calculation of expectations for a large class of local volatility models. We find nontrivial symmetry groups that can be used to obtain standard integral transforms of fundamental solutions of the...