VaR_Delta-Normal fails in two counts: subadditivity and potentially producing losses larger than its portfolio value. This paper solves the second inconsistency developing formulas derived from a put option, named PVaR_Delta-Normal and Put_Expected_Shortfall, PSF_Delta-Normal; the latter also...

Active management plays a critical, positive role in the efficiency of capital markets. In the first study of its kind to use data on institutionally-focused products, we find that, while a large percentage of active equity managers earn enough alpha on average to cover their costs, less than 2%...

The use of computers to execute trades, often with very low latency, has increased over time, resulting in a variety of computer algorithms executing electronically targeted trading strategies at high speed. We describe the evolution of increasingly fast automated trading over the past decade...

Portuguese Abstract: As “finanças descentralizadas", conhecidas também como DeFi tiveram um crescimento acelerado no mercado desde 2020, ganhando relevância e despertando o interesse de investidores. Esse crescimento, no entanto, aconteceu sem que todos os envolvidos tivessem...

Leveraged ETFs provide a convenient mechanism to dynamically change portfolio exposure and can be successfully used to construct robust portfolios that perform well during equity market drops. We start with a classical 60 percent Bonds/ 40 percent Stocks portfolio with monthly rebalancing that...

We discuss performance of some known market anomalies like equal-weighted index, low volatility stock index, factor anomalies of Andrea Frazzini, Ronen Israel and Tobias J. Moskowitz. We suggest the utilization of these anomalies through dynamic risk allocation in portfolios based on these...

We study a concept of dynamic leverage which is a risk measure generalizing traditional value at risk type measures. This measure is suited for hedge funds and can be applied to quantify risk in a fund of hedge funds. Dynamic leverage depends on the level of fund volatility, time horizon and...

Leveraged ETFs provide a convenient mechanism to dynamically change portfolio exposure. A classical portfolio insurance strategy of Black-Jones-Perold can be easily implemented with leveraged ETFs. More complex dynamic portfolio strategies that also can be implemented using leveraged ETFs. We...

We overview exchange-traded funds and notes mechanism and market. We consider different classes of ETFs: long, short, unleveraged, leveraged. We show tables and graphs of leveraged and short ETF behaviors for up and down moves for educational purposes. We describe historical behavior of several...

One year after Coronovirus and three years later after initially suggesting them, we revisit the performance of balanced portfolios of leveraged ETFs that we initially suggested in the 2017 paper. Leveraged ETFs provide a convenient mechanism to dynamically change portfolio exposure and can be...