The proliferation of investor visas and golden passports has generated a growing body of literature on the commercialization of residency-related rights. These analyses have approached such rights predominantly through the lenses of commercialization of citizenship in the era of new forms of...

Public procurement for innovation represents one of the least studied demand-side innovation policy tools that can be used to increase urban competitiveness. Evidence suggests that local and regional governments are becoming more involved in procuring innovative solutions, but overall knowledge...

In the discourse on innovation policy, there are two major approaches to the measures used, supply-side instruments and the demand-side. Previously supply-side policy instruments (e.g. R&D subsidies, tax breaks, grants) dominated but the approach has been transformed substantially during the...