This paper shows that smoking intensity, i.e. the amount of nicotine extracted per cigarette smoked, responds to changes in excise taxes and tobacco prices. We exploit data covering the period 1988 to 2006 across many US states. Moreover, we provide new evidence on the importance of cotinine...

This study conducts an empirical investigation of the effects of fiscal incentives on investment in Nigeria. We constructed two indexes of fiscal incentives which track the different types and stages of incentives embarked upon since the 1970s and these indexes are then included in both private...

Empirical examination of whether R&D subsidies crowd out private investments has been hampered by selection problems. A particular worry is that project quality and research intentions may be correlated with the likelihood of receiving subsidies. Using proposal evaluation data to control for...

There is a growing concern that governments lose substantial corporate tax revenue due to transfer pricing and debt shifting strategies. Existing literature studies debt shifting and transfer pricing separately. In practice, however, the choice of debt-to-asset ratios in affiliates and the...

This study simulates with two dynamic models the macroeconomic and public finance outcomes of a reduction in the corporate income tax rate in Finland. FOG-model is a dynamic CGE model, which is calibrated to the Finnish economy. NiGEM is a multi-country macroeconometric model. The results show...

Investment promotion through tax incentives has been a key component of the last two governments’ strategy to stimulate the accumulation of productive assets. A public policy mechanism such as the Investment Promotion Regime (IPR, established by Decree 455/007) inevitably raises questions...

The paper discusses the development of VAT in Europe since its emergence, based on the achievements of financial and macroeconomic theory and using rich legal and statistical data. The main axis of the analysis is the controversy between VAT unification and the remaining differences in various...

The paper discusses the development of VAT in Europe since its emergence, based on the achievements of financial and macroeconomic theory and using rich legal and statistical data. The main axis of the analysis is the controversy between VAT unification and the remaining differences in various...

This paper examines the flexibility of multinational firms to use income-shifting strategies within a tax year to react to operating losses. First, we develop an analytical model that considers how affiliate losses can be adjusted by using the transfer prices of tangible and intangible assets,...

German hospitals receive subsidies for investment costs by federal states. Theoretically, these subsidies have to cover the whole investment volume, but in fact only 50%-60% are covered. Balance sheet data show that public hospitals exhibit higher levels of subsidies compared to for-profit...