Race relations and economic progress -- The economic, racial, and political contexts of the cities -- Blacks and business sector employment -- African Americans in the municipal workforces -- Race, gender, and ethnicity : competition for employment opportunities -- Affirmative action and Black...

Studies of mortgage approvals find that minority borrowers are more likely to be denied loans, even when background variables such as current-year income are held constant. This article demonstrates that relying on current year income when comparing racial outcomes leads to an overestimation of...