Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in innovation, economic growth and job creation. Generally, SMEs face special problems when trying to access funding. Their situation is further complicated by the European economic crisis and a fragmentation of financial markets in...

Many central banks in emerging economies have used reserve requirements (RR) to alleviate the trade-off between financial stability and price stability in recent years. Notwithstanding their widespread use, transmission channels of RR have remained largely as a black-box. In this paper, we use...

The implementation of economic reforms under new economic policies in India was associated with a paradigmatic shift in monetary and fiscal policy. While monetary policies were solely aimed at "price stability" in the neoliberal regime, fiscal policies were characterized by the objective of...

Secured debt has become a predominant form of credit. The purpose of this paper is to analyze collateral in a model of money and its interaction with monetary policy. Borrowing capacity, and ultimately consumption, is linked to the value of the asset that serves as collateral, specific to each...

Recent developments in macroeconomics, and economic policy in general, have produced a "new consensus" economy-wide model, in which the stock of money doesnot play any causal role. The stock of money operates a mere residual in the economic process. The absence of the stock of money in many...

Recent developments in macroeconomics, and economic policy in general, have produced a "new consensus" economy-wide model, in which the stock of money doesnot play any causal role. The stock of money operates a mere residual in the economic process. The absence of the stock of money in many...

This paper deals with Russia's monetary policy in 2013

The paper gives an overview over issues concerning the role of financial stability in monetary policy and the relation between banking supervision and central banking. Following a brief account of developments in the European Monetary Union since its creation, the systematic treatment contains...

Does Friedman’s k-percent rule guarantee a unique equilibrium outcome? We show analytically the answer to this question is sensitive to the method of aggregation. Focusing on broad measures of money, we show that fixing the growth rate of the true monetary aggregate will generate a unique...

This paper analyzes optimal monetary policy in a standard New-Keynesian model augmented with a financial sector. The banks in the model are subject to shocks which impede their ability and willingness to produce financial assets. We show these financial market supply shocks decrease both the...