The oil and gas industry's role in economic activity is hard to overstate. This study considers upstream, midstream, and downstream oil producer returns and risk compared to downstream oil consumers in airlines, ground-freight, railroads, and tire manufacturing. Between 2000 and 2020, the oil...

The oil and gas industry's role in economic activity is hard to overstate. This study considers upstream, midstream, and downstream oil producer returns and risk compared to downstream oil consumers in airlines, ground-freight, railroads, and tire manufacturing. Between 2000 and 2020, the oil...

The authors discuss entry and exit barriers and their interaction as basic building blocks of a decision making process for evaluating competitive advantage of a business. While the concept of entry barriers is much discussed in the context of high quality businesses, the authors posit that exit...

The report evaluates progress achieved in implementation of structural reforms of the transport sector in Azerbaijan in the following subsectors: railways, road transport and roads, air transport and airports, maritime transport and ports. It presents standardized and qualitative indicators that...

Corporate social responsibility is a complex concept, where ecology is one of the key elements. From the point of view of logistics, care for the environment and respect for non-renewable resources is a particularly important issue. The essence of logistics is the movement of people and cargo,...

This paper is a publication issued by the Microeconomic Analysis service of the National Bank of Belgium. This is the outcome of a first research project on the Belgian transport logistics sectors. In the past few years, the logistics business has turned out to play a significant part in wealth...

The United Kingdom (UK) has spent less on infrastructure compared to other OECD countries over the past three decades. The perceived quality of UK infrastructure assets is close to the OECD average but lower than in other G7 countries. Capacity constraints have emerged in some sectors, such as...

This paper presents the services trade restrictiveness indices (STRIs) for transport and courier services. The STRIs are composite indices taking values between zero and one, zero representing an open market and one a market completely closed to foreign services providers. The indices are...

The report evaluates progress achieved in implementation of structural reforms of the transport sector in Azerbaijan in the following subsectors: railways, road transport and roads, air transport and airports, maritime transport and ports. It presents standardized and qualitative indicators that...