/communal areas in Zimbabwe. The paper is based on interviews and archival research. Random sampling research method was used in three … peripheral communities in Zimbabwe with large numbers of farmers who grow tobacco under contract and those who do not. Access to … statistical data from the Tobacco Information and Marketing Board (TIMB) in Zimbabwe was also obtained. Tobacco contract farming …

Smallholders often have to certify according to international standards and produce under contract for large agro …-agro-business relationships and contract success. This is what this article does. Data of 386 smallholders in the pineapple export sector in Ghana …

multivariate analysis with such a correction. This case study, based on a survey of smallholders in the tobacco industry, seems to …