Using a large dataset of manufacturing firms from 65 countries, we examine whether and how firm inflexibility influences implied cost of equity over the period 1989–2018. We find that, on average, firms with higher levels of inflexibility have a higher implied cost of equity. These results are...

Using a large dataset of manufacturing firms from 65 countries, we examine whether and how firm inflexibility influences implied cost of equity over the period 1989–2018. We find that, on average, firms with higher levels of inflexibility have a higher implied cost of equity. These results are...

Using an international data set that quantifies corporate environmental costs, we analyze the influence of institutional investor ownership, particularly investment horizon and investor origin, on the monetized environmental impact generated by their investee firms. Institutional investor...

Using a novel dataset from Freiberg et al. (2021) that measures corporate environmental costs, we examine the influence of institutional investors on the monetized environmental impact generated by their investee firms. Using a sample of 64 countries and 12 industries, we document that...