This paper examines how labour productivity will increase in future workplaces that employ human resources and machine technologies. This paper expands the concept of intelligent machines as systems of automating labour based on robots and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, it aims to develop...

Purpose With Industry 4.0 and the extensive rise of smart technologies, we are seeing remarkable transformations in work practices and workplaces. Scholars report the phenomenal progress of smart technologies. At the same time, we can hear the rhetoric emphasising their potential threats. This...