expected to rise annually by approximately 1.6% per year. We identify in-use steel stocks, recycling rates, and product …This paper studies the availability of post-consumer steel scrap in Europe until 2050. We introduce the indicator … potentially available domestic post-consumer scrap (PADPS) which measures the amount of (steel) scrap from obsolete products …

This paper explores the nature of exit barriers in the steel industry, their social and economic implications, and … policy approaches to deal with exits and steel industry restructuring. Barriers to exit in the steel industry require … the closure of inefficient or unviable steel plants, though cost factors specific to the steel industry are important …