price volatility, and compares their forecasting performance to the standard GARCH, fractionally integrated GARCH (FIGARCH …) and the two-state Markov-switching GARCH (MS-GARCH) models via three loss functions (the mean squared error, the mean … criteria and forecast horizons, while MS-GARCH mostly comes out as the least successful model. Applying various VaR backtesting …

. However, there is limited evidence on the market effects of setting those targets. Using a GARCH model with a trend developed … targets on public companies' stock price returns and volatility. We find no evidence that committing or setting a target … yields higher returns but contributes to a reduction in price volatility, albeit the impact is short-lived. In view of these …