How does catastrophe-risk awareness affect selection patterns in catastrophe insurance markets? Catastrophe insurance is often provided by government entities and frequently involves substantial cross-subsidization between people facing very different levels of risk, which could generate adverse...

We examine whether and how institutional investors respond to mandatory climate risk disclosure. We exploit the staggered adoption of a climate risk disclosure regulation by U.S. states that made the disclosure mandatory for insurers. Leveraging detailed data on insurers' investment portfolios,...

We document the implementation of the Insurer Climate Risk Disclosure Survey in the U.S. and provide an overview of its historical development since 2009. By 2020, the Survey is mandatory in 15 states or jurisdictions for insurers that meet the premium threshold. We find that the coverage of the...

The long-term stable operation of the mixed culture polyhydroxyalkanoate(PHA)enrichment stage is the guarantee for the continuous synthesis of PHA, however extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) sludge bulking occurred from time to time may cause the operation fail. In order to solve this...

This paper presents a new algorithm to calibrate the option pricing model, i.e. the algorithm that recovers the implied local volatility function from market option prices in the optimal control framework. A unique optimal control is shown to exist. Our algorithm is well-posed. Our numerical...

This investigation compares the traditional energy structure with improved energy structures, and evaluates the impact of renewable energy on gender relations in rural communities in north-west China. The traditional energy consumption structure in rural communities in north-west China was based...

Mathematical models have been widely used to simulate all aspects of bioenergy production systems including the growth kinetics of energy crops, conversion processes, production economics, supply logistics and environmental impacts. There is limited commercial experience to produce and process...

In recent years, exchange markets are increasingly integrated together. Fluctuations and risks across different exchange markets exhibit co-moving and complex dynamics. In this paper we propose the entropy-based multivariate wavelet based approaches to analyze the multiscale characteristic in...

An experimental study on the effects of compression ratio (i.e. 10:1, 12:1) on the combustion and emission of a hydrogen enriched natural gas engine under different excess air ratio is reported. The experimental data are compiled on a turbocharged spark-ignition engine using 55% (volumetric...