This paper documents the emergence and growth of digital labour markets in Eastern Europe. It shows that the development of two types of digital work – online work through online labour platforms and offline work mediated by mobile apps – have a different history, root causes and dynamics....

"The widespread belief that tech-savvy, educated millennials are well positioned to handle the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution is misleading. It does not fully grasp the reality of a flux society, where relevant technological skills and knowledge are continuously changing: no one...