productivity. In male-dominated industries, sexism and discrimination may prevent women from attaining leadership positions …

's productivity. We compare outsourcing in domestic with foreign-owned establishments. Our empirical results suggest that high wages …-owned firms have higher levels of outsourcing than domestic establishments. In the productivity analysis we find that an … establishment's outsourcing intensity is positively related to its labour productivity and total factor productivity growth and that …

in labor productivity. We provide a novel semi-parametric specification for convergence equations and show that the speed … combination of known variables. We found evidence that the laws of motion for industry productivity growth are different across …