How persistent and universal has the two child family ideal been in Europe during the last three decades? We analyse … nearly universal among women in all parts of Europe. Countries that used to display higher ideal family size have converged … very similar in different regions. The mean ideal family size has become relatively closely clustered around 2.2 in most …

This article provides new evidence that family planning programs are associated with a decrease in the share of … children and adults living in poverty. Our research design exploits the county roll-out of US family planning programs in the … data. We find that cohorts born after federal family planning programs began were less likely to live in poverty in …

after China's 1980 one-child law. The results indicate that fertility in China declined by about 1.2-1.4 births per woman as … important in explaining the division of labor in the home, often given as a cause for the gender wage gap. Indeed, as fertility …