The objective of this paper is to investigate the cyclical behaviour of markups, using a panel of Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 1990--1998. Margins are estimated from the optimal conditions derived from the firm"s optimisation problem, which assumes that labour inputs are subject...

This paper looks at the probability of introducing innovations by manufacturing firms at different stages of their lives. Once differences related to activity and size are controlled for, we examine how the probability of innovation varies over entry, post-entry ages, and advanced ages of mature...