Recent literature in empirical finance is surveyed in its relation to underlying behavioral principles, principles …

and asset market bubbles. So far, most of the finance literature takes overconfidence as a given, "static" personality …

This note is based on a recent confidence index introduced in the context of compensating probability factors for … probability spreads, and it explains momentum in confidence. We use the index to introduce a confidence matrix operator which … confidence matrix operator is an Euclidean motion which rotates and reverses loss domain into hope of gain. Thus, signifying risk …