theory of agency, notably income insurance and multi-task considerations, also shape pay policies. The conclusion we draw …

,700 participants), we vary the salience of team identity, social-image concerns, and whether teams face monetary incentives. Increased …Tournaments are often used to improve performance in innovation contexts. Tournaments provide monetary incentives but … also render teams’ identity and social-image concerns salient. We study the effects of tournaments on team performance in a …

individualistic (Solo) or one of two team incentives. Under our Cooperative team incentive, workers equally share the team's earnings … productivity. We find that workers under the Cooperative team incentives are most likely to participate on all three days, exhaust … all 45 minutes of work, and complete more tasks. Workers under Competitive team incentives also outperform the Solo …