This paper characterizes exchange market pressure as a nonlinear Markov-switching phenomenon, and examines its dynamics in response to money growth and inflation over three regimes. The empirical results identify episodes of exchange market pressure in the Kyrgyz Republic and confirm the...

In this article, operational exchange market pressure and intervention indices are derived for a world composed of two interdependent economies. The model-consistent formulae, which can be calculated from observed data, are obtained by applying general definitions of exchange market pressure and...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the nature of exchange market pressure in the case of the Indonesian economy. More specifically, this paper aims to answer whether there is non-linearity or multiple equilibria in the EMPI. The paper relies on a univariate Markov Switching autoregressive...