KEY ISSUES Context: Economic activity was disrupted by political unrest and uncertainty in the run-up to the January 2014 general elections. However, macroeconomic stability was maintained and international reserve buffers have been built up further. As calm returns following the elections and...

This paper presents an overview of the Sixth Post-Program Monitoring Discussions with Portugal. The Portuguese economy has strengthened. Supported by a benign external environment, job-rich growth has gathered momentum since late 2016. The headline fiscal balance continued to benefit from...

This paper presents an overview of the Sixth Post-Program Monitoring Discussions with Portugal. The Portuguese economy has strengthened. Supported by a benign external environment, job-rich growth has gathered momentum since late 2016. The headline fiscal balance continued to benefit from...

Rwanda's medium-term outlook is positive, supported by the authorities' large policy package to respond to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic and their continued commitment to the PCI in a challenging environment. Economic recovery is underway with easing of restrictions supported by faster...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This last review of Benin’s ECF arrangement confirms the improved growth performance during the program. Real GDP growth is expected to reach about 51⁄2 percent in 2014 for the third consecutive year. This performance has closed the gap in per capita GDP growth between...

This article examines a specific form of state capitalism in Egypt under President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, characterized by the central role of the military in economic affairs. Following the events of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, the Egyptian military not only secured its position as a key...