This Selected Issues paper analyzes the impact of the energy price shock on UK households and firms and describes the energy support measures introduced by the UK government. The paper also provides IMF staff's assessment of these measures and sets out some options to optimize the policy...

The 2023 Article IV Consultation with the United Kingdom discusses that market stress following the September 2022 "mini-budget" has dissipated, in the context of a successful financial stability intervention by the Bank of England (BoE) and two prudent budgets. The post-pandemic recovery was...

This paper focuses on Ukraine's First Review under the Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF). The authorities have made strong progress toward their commitments under the EFF under challenging conditions, meeting all applicable quantitative performance criteria through...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation highlights that Serbia has made impressive economic gains over much of the past decade: living standards improved, inflation fell, public finances were strengthened, and reserves increased, helped by ample foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. But spillovers...

This Selected Issues paper examines the competitiveness of Croatia's goods exports and predicts its goods export diversification potential. The paper also discusses the goods export competitiveness using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) with cross-country comparison and uses a...

The 2003 Article IV Consultation discusses that Croatia posted another year of strong economic growth in 2022, among the highest in the Eurozone. Economic growth is expected to moderate to 2.4 percent in 2023. Weak external demand, tightening financial conditions and still high global...

This Selected Issues paper analyzes wage and inflation dynamics in Denmark. High profit margins contributed to growth in the gross domestic product deflator. Historical evidence suggests that the contribution from wages to price deflators will likely pick up. Nominal wage growth in Denmark has...

The 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that the Danish economy recovered strongly from the pandemic. Economic activity is set to soften in the first half of 2023, followed by a gradual recovery. Denmark's recovery from the pandemic was impressive, but strong output and employment growth has...

The 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that the Icelandic economy has shown remarkable resilience and rebounded quickly from the multiple shocks in recent years. The economy is currently operating well above potential, which, together with high import and house prices, has pushed inflation...

This Selected Issues paper reviews inflation in Portugal, recent trends, drivers and risks. While below average euro area (EA) levels, inflation has been strongly correlated with the rest of the EA. Inflation picked up slowly in 2022H1, reflecting delayed pass through from international...