This Selected Issues paper proposes two new drivers of corporate cash holdings and tests them using firm-level data in Japan. In Japan, private savings have shifted from households to the corporate sector. The first driver is the rising share of intangible capital. The second contributing factor...

This 2023 Article IV Consultation highlights that the Japanese economy continues to recover driven by domestic demand while a weaker global economy has been weighing on external demand. The economic recovery is projected to continue in the near term amid pent-up demand, supply chain...

This paper presents Papua New Guinea's Requests for an Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) and an Extended Arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF). The 38-month arrangement will support Papua New Guinea's reform agenda, which seeks to help protect the vulnerable and...

This Selected Issues paper explores policy options, and strategies for addressing climate change in Palau. Adaptation can be very effective at reducing the cost of sea-level rise, but it requires careful planning and a balanced mix of protection and planned retreat. In order to be effective and...

The 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that Palau has emerged from the pandemic with significant output loss, elevated public debt and historically high inflation. Adverse demographic trends, high dependence on tourism and external support, and vulnerability to climate change risks raise...

The 2023 Article IV Consultation highlights that India is on track to be one of the fastest growing major economies in the world this year, underpinned by prudent macroeconomic policies. Nonetheless, the economy is facing global headwinds, including a global growth slowdown in an increasingly...

This selected issues paper provides background on evolution, highlight the rationale behind the key changes, describe the most important extensions and their implications, and to then present several policy applications, which played a part in informing the 2023 Article IV discussions with the...

The 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that the Philippines' growth momentum started to moderate after a strong post-pandemic recovery. Growth is projected to rebound in the second half of 2023 and 2024 while inflation is expected to gradually approach the target. Risks to the growth outlook...

This Selected Issues paper discusses policy options and trade-offs in Bangladesh. After a prolonged period of stable inflation, Bangladesh is experiencing a bout of persistently high inflation since the beginning of Russia's war in Ukraine. Bringing inflation down and restoring macroeconomic...