The IMF's 2019 External Sector Report shows that global current account balances stand at about 3 percent of global GDP. Of this, about 35-45 percent are now deemed excessive. Meanwhile, net credit and debtor positions are at historical peaks and about four times larger than in the early 1990s....

The October 2019 Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) identifies the current key vulnerabilities in the global financial system as the rise in corporate debt burdens, increasing holdings of riskier and more illiquid assets by institutional investors, and growing reliance on external...

Since 2014, the CBBH has been exposed to a negative spread on the reinvestment of the reserve requirements. Until 2014, the CBBH remunerated reserve requirements on the basis of the returns achieved on their reinvestment in the euro area money market. In 2014, when the European Central Bank...

Published since 1950, this authoritative annual reference is based upon a unique IMF database that tracks exchange and trade arrangements for the 187 IMF member countries, along with Hong Kong SAR, Aruba, and Curacao and St Maarten. The Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange...

Published since 1950, this authoritative, annual reference is based upon a unique IMF database that tracks exchange and trade arrangements for all 185 IMF member countries, along with Hong Kong SAR, Aruba, and the Netherlands Antilles. The Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange...

This paper presents financial system stability assessment (FSSA) report for Maldives. Maldives is a tourism dependent economy with a small financial sector dominated by state-owned banks. Systemic risks stem largely from a growing sovereign-bank nexus, high dollarization, and a shortage of...

This paper on Belgium focuses on detailed assessment of observance of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (CPSS-IOSCO) principles for financial market infrastructures. While improvements have been made since the onboarding of the current Chief Information Security Officer,...

This technical note provides an update on the systemic risk analysis and stress testing in Belgium. The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) banks solvency stress tests show that the Belgian significant institutions are resilient under the adverse scenario while some heterogeneity exists....

This technical note discusses macroprudential policy framework and tools in Belgium. The macroprudential policy framework could be strengthened along several dimensions. The government should publish its rationale for macroprudential policy decisions, including in the case of inaction to enact...

This paper focuses on the technical note on regulation and supervision of less significant institutions in Belgium. The financial sector assessment program (FSAP) undertook a targeted review of Belgium's Less Significant Institutions (LSI) and third-country branches (TCBs) banking regulation and...