Governments are facing increasing scrutiny over debt and deficits following the worldwide recession and financial crisis which began in 2007. Additionally, policy makers are confronted with the growing realization that they face fiscal limits on the size of debt and deficits relative to GDP....

Previous research has established that the Federal Reserve large scale asset purchases (LSAPs) significantly influenced international bond yields. This paper analyzes the channels through which these effects occurred. We use dynamic term structure models to decompose international yield changes...

In an inflation targeting regime, the best possible knowledge of demand-side inflationary pressure is of priority importance for monetary policy. In applied macroeconomic models, this is traditionally represented by the actual position of the cyclical component of GDP (the output gap). This...

This article provides an overview of international experiences with the use of unconventional central bank instruments. The application of unconventional instruments may be justified by the existence of financial market friction, turmoil, failure or constraint, when instruments that change the...

Purpose – In the recent financial crisis, many observers have assigned monetary policy a central role in the crisis. Specifically, they claim that excessively easy monetary policy by the Federal Reserve in the first half of the decade helped to cause a bubble in housing prices in the USA. The...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the financial risks posed by energy and environmental markets and how these risks are addressed by current regulatory regimes and legislation. This assessment should be of interest to academics, practitioners, regulators and policymakers....

Purpose The global financial crisis demonstrated that monetary policy alone cannot ensure both price and financial stability. According to the rule, there was a gap in the policymakers’ toolkit for safeguarding financial stability, as the number of available policy instruments was insufficient...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine modern monetary policy as practiced and promoted by the officials of Central Banks, with the Federal Reserve Bank of the USA and the Bank of Japan in leading roles. Design/methodology/approach – Modern monetary policy is assessed for its...