from the financial shocks observed during previous crises. This paper describes the ECB’s economy-wide climate stress test …

Biodiversity loss can have direct economic impacts, as it limits the availability of natural resources and increases … costs across various industries. When firms face significant risks due to biodiversity loss, their creditworthiness may be … stricter lending conditions for borrowers. This paper analyzes how these risks spread from the real economy to the syndicated …

Climate change and biodiversity loss trigger policies worldwide, many of which target or impact local communities … continents) of communications between project teams and local communities within the context of climate change or biodiversity …